My opinion is that a tank
should speed refilling the tires:
If the tank is already pressurized to tire pressure or more, it should speed the process as the compressor is doing work to fill the tank further during the time that the flow is stopped when going between tires. Even if the tank is empty, how long does it take your pump to bring the tank to tire pressure?
After that point, you're now using the pump to raise the pressure of both the tire and the tank.
If the tank had more pressure, initially, than the final tire pressure then it has added its pressure to refilling the tire - more so than just what the compressor has done. If the tank has the same initial pressure and ending pressure then it has not helped or hurt. So once the tank is up to tire pressure then it can only help, never hurt.
It may depend on the size of the tank and whether it is pre-pressurized or not. Taken to an extreme, bringing a 40 gallon tank from zero to 40psi is going to take a few minutes (or more, depending on your compressor). Filling an empty tank may be the equivalent of an addtional tire (or two, or half, depending on the size of the tank). But if the tank is already pressurized to tire pressure or higher, the tank will allow the compressor's work between tires (when no air is flowing out) to be stored in the tank as a higher pressure that will put air in the next tire faster.
But the real answer may just be that tanked or tankless doesn't make a big difference. It does depend on the individual set up, tank size, and compressor and tank maximum pressure.
Jim M.
712W and 710M